Berlin

Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is the heart of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, located in northeastern Germany. With a population of 3.42 million, Berlin is the country's largest city, and the second most populous city in the European Union. Berlin is the third smallest federal state of Germany by area, with an area of 891 square kilometres (344 sq mi). It is most populous state among the Germany, with 3827 inhabitants living in Berlin per square kilometre (Germany average: 230)

 Maps of Berlin

The population of Berlin is 3,416,255 (2008), of which 1,744,029 is female and 1,672,226 is male, total population up 0.36 per cent over a year earlier. In 2006, the birth rate was 8.7 per 1000, higher than that of 8.5 per 1000 in 2005. The death rate is decrease from 9.4 per 1000 in 2005 to 9.3 per 1000 in 2006.  In 2008, Nearly 11.89 percent of the population under the age of 15, fell from 11.86 per cent over a previous year. The proportion of people aged 65 and over rose from 17.92 per cent to 18.36 per cent. Correspondingly, the median age (aged 15-64) of the population fell from 70.22 to 69.75 over the same period. The ratio of people aged under 15 and aged 65 and over to the population of working age (aged 15-64), the overall dependency ratio, increased from 424 per 1000 in 2007 to 433 per 1000 in 2008, decline in the proportion of young persons aged under 15, which more than offset an increase in the proportion of older persons aged 65 and over in the same period. The Sex ratio of total population is 0.959 male(s)/female.

Berlin is the  9th largest by nominal GDP in the Germany, and ranked 9th by GDP (PPP) in 2006. Its nominal GDP per capita is €23700, it is ranked as the 11th highest economy by nominal GDP per capita in Germany, its GDP purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita is €23000,  ranked 11th among the Germany. Total GDP of Berlin is €80.5 billion, of which service sector contributes around 81.85%, industry 18.03%, and agriculture 0.12%. Its real annual growth rate is 1.2 in 2006, rose from 0.9 over a previous year. Its income of household was 16014 Euros per inhabitant in 2006. The unemployment rate has recently decreased from 19.2% in 2005 to 16.3% in 2007.

Public transport within Berlin is provided by the S-Bahn, in 2008 there were 256 km of roadways in Berlin, including 73 km of motorways. In 2007, about 1.23 million passenger cars (equal to 361 cars per 1,000 people) and 1.33 million road good vehicles circulated on the national road network. The city railway network, in 2008 totalled 971 km of which 504 km is electrified. The state inland waterways network comprised 184 km of navigable rivers and channells. In 2006 there were approximately 5 airports, carries 12.4 million passengers, up 3.16 per cent over a year earlier.

It contributes to the rapidly increasing tourism sector, with around 6.8 million tourists arrivals in 2008. The Berlin capital region is one of Europe's most prolific centers of higher education and research. In 2007, 0.67 millions pupils and students, 20% of the total population, are in the education system. Of which, percentage of enrollment student are in, 12% pre-primary, 18% primary, 28%  lower secondary, 17% higher secondary, 3% post secondary and 22% tertiary.